STEP

Space

'Space' refers to the physical area where the activity takes place. This could involve changing the size, shape, or surface of the playing area, or the space between participants.

Pros:

• Can be adapted easily without needing new equipment.

• Helps to manage the difficulty level of the activity — larger spaces can decrease difficulty, smaller spaces increase it.

• Adjusting space can facilitate social interaction and collaboration among participants.

Cons:

• Overcrowding or too much space can affect the safety and enjoyment of the participants.

• Requires a clear understanding of the needs of the group to optimize the space effectively.

Task

'Task' involves the rules or objectives of the activity. This might include simplifying instructions, breaking down skills into smaller steps, or changing the scoring system.

Pros:

• Allows for differentiation, enabling participants to engage at their own level.

• Can increase motivation and self-esteem as tasks are tailored to individual abilities.

• Promotes cognitive understanding by adapting the complexity of tasks.

Cons:

• May require significant pre-planning to ensure tasks are appropriate for all.

• Risk of some participants feeling patronized if tasks are overly simplified.

Equipment

'Equipment' involves the tools used to play the game. This could mean using lighter, bigger, or more colourful equipment or modifying existing equipment.

Pros:

• Can help to level the playing field by compensating for physical differences.

• Increases accessibility, enabling more participants to engage in the activity.

• Stimulates interest and motivation through novel and varied equipment.

Cons:

• The cost of specialist equipment can be prohibitive.

• May require storage and maintenance considerations.

People

'People' considers the participants and their roles within the activity. This could involve adjusting the size of teams, roles of players, or including support like buddies or peer mentors.

Pros:

• Encourages social interaction and teamwork, fostering a sense of belonging.

• Allows for peer learning and mentoring, which can be very effective.

• Can be adapted spontaneously based on the dynamics of the group.

Cons:

• Balancing teams and roles requires careful management to ensure fairness and inclusivity.

• There may be resistance to change from participants who prefer traditional roles or team structures.

Why the STEP Model Enhances Inclusivity

The STEP model provides a practical and flexible approach to adapt sports sessions to the needs of all participants, which is at the heart of inclusive coaching. By considering the specifics of Space, Task, Equipment, and People, coaches can create a more welcoming and engaging environment for everyone involved. This model promotes inclusivity by enabling coaches to make small adjustments that can have a significant impact on the experience and enjoyment of sports for participants with varied abilities.

The STEP model can help coaches to reflect on their current practices and identify potential barriers to participation. By continually reviewing and adapting these four key areas, coaches can ensure that their sessions are as inclusive as possible, thereby making sport more accessible and enjoyable for all.

Suggested readings

• Black, K., & Stevenson, P. (2013). The Inclusion Spectrum: A tool for inclusive coaching. Coaching Edge.

• England Football (2022). Make coaching personal with the STEP framework. Available from: https://learn.englandfootball.com/articles/resources/2022/make-coaching-personal-with-the-step-framework